a dynamic complex of plant, animal, and micro-organism communities and their non-living environment

the direct and indirect contributions of ecosystems to the economic, social, cultural and other bene

the more efficient use of energy at all the stages of the energy chain from production to final cons

Engagement is an activity performed by investors (typically shareholders or bondholders) with the goal of convincing management to take account of environmental, social and governance criteria. This dialogue includes communicating with senior management and / or boards of companies and filing or co-filing shareholder proposals. Successful engagement can lead to changes in a company’s strategy and processes so as to improve ESG performance and reduce risks. Such engagement can be performed as direct interaction between an investor and an investee company or in the form of collaborative engagement, where a number of investors team up to hold a joint dialogue (often carried out by a respective service provider)

Environmental matters that may have a positive or negative impact on the financial performance or solvency of an entity, sovereign or individual.

The risks of any negative financial impact on the institution stemming from the current or prospective impacts of environmental factors on its counterparties or invested assets.

an investment in one or several economic activities that qualify as environmentally sustainable unde

Such an analysis includes collecting information on how an investment target manages and performs on environmental, social and governance factors. When an investment institution wishes to track to what extent potential investments (e.g. companies, countries and issuers) are exposed to ESG risks and opportunities and how they actively manage them, they carry out an ESG Analysis

Activity performed by shareholders (or representatives of shareholders) with the goal of convincing the management of investee companies to take account of ESG criteria so as to improve ESG performance and reduce risks.

Environmental, social or governance matters that may have a positive or negative impact on the financial performance or solvency of an entity, sovereign or individual.

The explicit inclusion of ESG risks and opportunities into traditional financial analysis and investment decisions based on a systematic process and appropriate research sources.

The explicit inclusion by investors of ESG risks and opportunities in traditional financial analysis and investment decisions based on a systematic process and appropriate research sources

Determinations which aim at managing an institution’s exposure to ESG risks, over the short-, medium- and long-term time horizons.

ESG risks are the risks of any negative financial impact on the institution stemming from the current or prospective impacts of ESG factors on its counterparties or invested assets.

This refers to investors addressing concerns of ESG issues by actively exercising their voting rights based on ESG principles or an ESG policy.